Kant's "What is Enlightenment ?" (1784)
"The starry heavens above and the moral laws within" - Kant 1. Kant was a "religious" empiricist, without theoretical reason. 2. He was a German philosopher who was born in Russia, but his parents were from Scotland. 3. His mother was a "methodist" (pietist), and this religious bringing up influenced him a lot. 4. He was a better teacher than a writer. He categorized students into three groups : geniuses, average, idiots - He believed that only the average students needed help. 5. His earlier books were on physics, heavenly bodies etc. He thought there was life on other planets as well. He believed that humans came from animals by evolution, even before the theory of Darwin came. 6. In order to fully understand his philosophy, a brief look at other philosophers around that time is necessary. # VOLTAIRE : French philosopher who propagated the ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity. In him we see theoretical reason without religion. ...
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